區別一：產品含義不同

  變壓器(qi)(qi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)用(yong)于電能轉(zhuan)換的電器(qi)(qi)設備，它可(ke)以(yi)把一(yi)種(zhong)電壓、電流的交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換成相同頻率(lv)的另一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。簡(jian)單來(lai)說，就是將不(bu)同的交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換成相同頻率(lv)的交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。

  調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)是一種能調(diao)整輸出(chu)電壓(ya)的供電電路或供電設備。重點在于調(diao)整輸出(chu)電壓(ya)。

  區別二：工作原理不同

  調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)是(shi)從0V到額定(ding)(ding)值范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)之間任意滑動，可以隨時調(diao)整輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)點來滿足輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)性。而變壓(ya)器(qi)是(shi)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應的(de)(de)原(yuan)理來改變交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)裝置按照一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)變比，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)轉化。

  調壓器(qi)的工作原(yuan)理(li)跟(gen)變壓器(qi)是(shi)(shi)同(tong)樣(yang)道理(li)，唯一不(bu)同(tong)的是(shi)(shi)它(ta)有一個控制電機，可以通(tong)過(guo)改變線圈扎(zha)數比(bi)來調整(zheng)輸出電壓。

  調壓器基本原理

  調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器就是匝(za)比(bi)連續可調(diao)(diao)的自耦變壓(ya)(ya)器，電刷在彈簧壓(ya)(ya)力(li)作用下與線(xian)(xian)圈的磨光面緊(jin)密(mi)吻(wen)合。操作控制“升/降”按鈕帶(dai)動(dong)同步電機使(shi)其帶(dai)動(dong)調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器碳(tan)刷沿線(xian)(xian)圈的磨光表面滑動(dong)時，就可連續地改(gai)變匝(za)比(bi)，從而可以(yi)無(wu)級而平滑的調(diao)(diao)節輸出電壓(ya)(ya)。

   自動(dong)(dong)調壓：可預先設置一個電(dian)壓（可在調整范圍內任意(yi)一個固(gu)定點）值(zhi)(zhi)，由電(dian)位(wei)器調整到(dao)所(suo)需(xu)電(dian)壓點，通過外(wai)置電(dian)壓表觀(guan)察設定電(dian)壓值(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)壓值(zhi)(zhi)設定后，調壓器會(hui)自動(dong)(dong)調節所(suo)設定電(dian)壓，如果外(wai)界電(dian)壓有(you)波動(dong)(dong)，它也(ye)可自動(dong)(dong)調節穩壓器電(dian)壓。

  調壓器(qi)的特點：損耗小、溫升低、效率高、漏磁小、瞬間過載能力(li)強、噪音低、振動小(xiao)。

  調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)方式：調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)(wei)內任(ren)意設(she)置一個(ge)固定(ding)點/值，設(she)定(ding)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)(wei)越小，電流就越大(da)；調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)(wei)越大(da)，電流就越小。單相(xiang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)(wei)在0-300V以上 ，三相(xiang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)(wei)在0-500V。

  調壓(ya)器(qi)分為：自(zi)耦調壓(ya)器(qi)，隔離調壓(ya)器(qi)，油浸式(shi)感(gan)應調壓(ya)器(qi)，柱式(shi)電動調壓(ya)器(qi)和晶(jing)閘管調壓器五(wu)種。

  調壓器的應用領域

  A 電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)工業：退火爐(lu)，烘干(gan)爐(lu)，淬火爐(lu)，燒結爐(lu)，坩堝爐(lu)，隧道爐(lu)，熔爐(lu)，箱(xiang)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，井式電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，熔化電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，滾動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，真空電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，臺車電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，淬火電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，時(shi)效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，罩式電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，氣氛電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，烘箱(xiang)，實驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，熱處(chu)理，電阻(zu)爐(lu)，真空爐(lu)，網帶爐(lu)，高溫爐(lu)，窯爐(lu)，電爐(lu)。

  B 機(ji)械(xie)設備(bei)：包(bao)裝(zhuang)機(ji)械(xie)，注塑機(ji)械(xie)，熱縮(suo)機(ji)械(xie)，擠壓(ya)機(ji)械(xie)，食品機(ji)械(xie)，回(hui)火設備(bei)，塑料加工，紅外(wai)加熱。

  C 玻(bo)璃工業：玻(bo)璃纖維，玻(bo)璃成型，玻(bo)璃融化(hua)，玻(bo)璃印制，浮法玻(bo)璃生產(chan)線，退(tui)火槽。

  D汽車(che)工業：噴涂烘干，熱成型。

  E 節(jie)能照明：隧(sui)道照明，路燈(deng)照明，攝影照明，舞(wu)臺燈(deng)光(guang)。

  F 化(hua)學(xue)工業：蒸餾(liu)蒸發，預熱系統，管道加(jia)熱，石油(you)化(hua)工，溫度補(bu)償(chang)

  G 其它行業：鹽(yan)浴(yu)爐，工頻感應(ying)爐，淬火(huo)爐溫控(kong)，熱(re)處理爐溫控(kong)，金(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)機加(jia)熱(re)，大功(gong)率充磁(ci)/退磁(ci)設(she)(she)備，航空(kong)電源調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)，中(zhong)央空(kong)調(diao)電加(jia)熱(re)器(qi)溫控(kong)，紡織(zhi)機械，水(shui)晶石(shi)(shi)生產，粉末冶金(jin)機械，彩色顯像管生產設(she)(she)備，冶金(jin)機械設(she)(she)備，石(shi)(shi)油化(hua)工機械，燈(deng)光平(ping)滑調(diao)節，恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流恒(heng)(heng)(heng)功(gong)率控(kong)制(zhi)等領(ling)域(yu)。

  變壓器原理

  單相(xiang)變(bian)壓器(qi)有兩個(ge)線(xian)圈(quan)共同繞在(zai)一個(ge)閉合鐵芯(xin)上，如(ru)右圖所(suo)示，其中與電(dian)源相(xiang)連的(de)(de)線(xian)圈(quan)稱(cheng)為原(yuan)邊(bian)線(xian)圈(quan)，與原(yuan)邊(bian)線(xian)圈(quan)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)各量(liang)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)示符號均(jun)在(zai)右下(xia)角(jiao)標(biao)(biao)注以角(jiao)碼1，如(ru)U1、I1等(deng)(deng)，與負載項鏈(lian)的(de)(de)線(xian)圈(quan)稱(cheng)為副邊(bian)線(xian)圈(quan)，相(xiang)關度額各量(liang)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)示符號均(jun)在(zai)右下(xia)角(jiao)標(biao)(biao)注角(jiao)碼2，如(ru)U2、I2等(deng)(deng)。

  此變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器工作原(yuan)理為：當(dang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的原(yuan)繞組(zu)施(shi)以(yi)交變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)u1時(shi)，便(bian)在(zai)原(yuan)繞組(zu)中產生(sheng)一(yi)個交變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)流i1，這個電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)鐵芯中產生(sheng)交變(bian)(bian)磁(ci)通(tong)Φ，因為原(yuan)、副(fu)繞組(zu)在(zai)同一(yi)個鐵芯上，所以(yi)當(dang)磁(ci)通(tong)Φ穿過副(fu)繞組(zu)時(shi)，便(bian)在(zai)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器副(fu)邊產生(sheng)感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)e2（即變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)）。變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器中感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)的大(da)小是和線(xian)圈的匝數、磁(ci)通(tong)的大(da)小及電(dian)(dian)源的頻率成正比(bi)。

  行輸出變壓器

  （1）黑白電視(shi)機行輸出變(bian)壓(ya)器

  行輸出變(bian)(bian)壓器簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)FBT，有(you)時也簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)行逆程變(bian)(bian)壓器。黑白電視機行輸出變(bian)(bian)壓器主要有(you)“分離(li)式(shi)”和“一(yi)體(ti)化”兩種。分離(li)式(shi)現在已經很(hen)少采用(yong)。

  一體化(hua)式(shi)行(xing)輸出變壓(ya)器是將高低壓(ya)線(xian)圈、高壓(ya)整流管、塑料骨架、高壓(ya)線(xian)圈及外殼等(deng)用無(wu)毒性(xing)、無(wu)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)、耐高溫、高絕(jue)緣的化(hua)工材(cai)料封裝在一起構成的。圖(tu)5所示(shi)是一體化(hua)行(xing)輸出變壓(ya)器的外形結構圖(tu)。

  （2）彩色(se)電視機行(xing)輸出變(bian)壓(ya)器（FDT）

  彩色電(dian)視機均采(cai)用了多(duo)(duo)級一(yi)次升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)式行(xing)輸出(chu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。這種(zhong)行(xing)輸出(chu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)分(fen)成多(duo)(duo)段繞(rao)制(zhi)，并在各(ge)段之間分(fen)別接上高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)整流(liu)二極管(guan)，其輸出(chu)的(de)(de)直流(liu)超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是經過多(duo)(duo)級整流(liu)，再串聯在一(yi)起(qi)而產生的(de)(de)，因此被(bei)稱為(wei)多(duo)(duo)級一(yi)次升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式。由于(yu)這種(zhong)行(xing)輸出(chu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)和(he)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)整流(liu)二極管(guan)均被(bei)封裝在一(yi)個殼體內，所以又常被(bei)稱作一(yi)體化行(xing)輸出(chu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。圖(tu)(tu)6所示是一(yi)種(zhong)實用的(de)(de)四級升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)行(xing)輸出(chu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)結構和(he)升比原(yuan)理圖(tu)(tu)。